Fig 1.
(a): GC 0˚, (b): GC 45˚, (c): GC 90˚, (d): GC 135˚, (e): GC 180˚, (f): GC 225˚, (g): GC 270˚, (h): GC 315˚.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagram of the proposed method.
(GC: Gradient Compass).
Algorithm 1.
MODPSO
Algorithm 2.
VF-MODPSO
Fig 3.
Source images from Group 1 (G1) to Group 14 (G14).
Table 1.
Obtained results (mean (std. dev.)[rank]) of the IGD and HV metric values of the proposed VF-MODPSO + GC and eight state-of-the-art image fusion algorithms.
Table 3.
Various approaches and their fusion processing times (in seconds).
Table 2.
Performance evaluation via 3-fold cross-validation.
Fig 4.
Medical image fusion results for (a) GA + LGF-SML (b) GWO+OLTP (c) FBSO+HWD (d) QPSO+CNN (e) DE + DNN (f) GA + DL-CNN (g) MFOA+PCNN (h) DE+PCNN (i) VF-MODPSO+GC.