Fig 1.
a) The DEM test includes three subtasks: tests A and B are administered in the vertical direction (up to down), and test C is administered in the horizontal direction (left-to right), b) The King‒Devick test includes three subtasks that are administered from left to right as quickly and accurately as possible.
The time and errors are measured for each subtask in both tests.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the action video game (AVG) and non-action video game (NVG) sub-groups included in the study. NPC= Near Point of Convergence (cm), AA = Amplitude of accommodation (sphere diopters, “D”), near phoria in prism diopters, “Δ”). RE = Right Eye, LE = Left Eye.
Fig 2.
Flowchart of participants.
Table 2.
Mean and standard deviation (±) in oculomotor performance in the DEM and King–Devick test (s) of the action video game (AVG) and non-action video game (NVG) participants.
Fig 3.
Oculomotor performance in DEM (vertical time, adjusted horizontal time, and ratio) and King–Devick tests for AVG (filled columns) and NVG (unfilled columns) sub-groups. ns
= not significant (p > 0.05), * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01.
Fig 4.
a) Correlation plot between vertical and horizontal DEM performance in the NVG and AVG groups, b) Correlation plot between total King–Devick performance and horizontal DEM performance in the NVG and AVG groups.