Table 1.
Annual trend of Dengue Incidence in Nepal (2020–2023).
Fig 1.
Annual trend of Dengue Incidence in Nepal (2020–2023).
(a) Incidence of Dengue in 2020. (b) Incidence of Dengue in 2021. (c) Incidence of Dengue in 2022. (d) Incidence of Dengue in 2023.
Table 2.
Univariate Moran’ I analysis for Dengue incidence 2020–2023.
Fig 2.
Univariate Moran’ I analysis for Dengue incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of incidence of Dengue in 2020. (b) LISA map of incidence of Dengue in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of incidence of Dengue in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of incidence of Dengue in 2021. (e) LISA map of incidence of Dengue in 2022. (f) LISA map of incidence of Dengue in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of incidence of Dengue in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of incidence of Dengue in 2023.
Fig 3.
Univariate analysis of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 2020–2023.
(a) Average NDVI 2020. (b) Average NDVI 2021. (c) Average NDVI 2022. (d) Average NDVI 2023. Distribution of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI).
Fig 4.
Univariate analysis of Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) 2020–2023.
(a) Average NDWI 2020. (b) Average NDWI 2021. (c) Average NDWI 2022. (d) Average NDWI 2023. Pattern of Land Surface Temperature Day (LSTD).
Fig 5.
Univariate analysis of Land Surface Temperature Day (LSTD) 2020–2023.
(a) LSTD per kilometer 2020. (b) LSTD per kilometer 2021. (c) LSTD per kilometer 2022. (d) LSTD per kilometer 2023. Pattern of Land Surface Temperature Night (LSTN).
Fig 6.
Univariate analysis of Land Surface Temperature Night (LSTN) 2020–2023.
(a) LSTN per kilometer 2020. (b) LSTN per kilometer 2021. (c) LSTN per kilometer 2022. (d) LSTN per kilometer 2023. Distribution of Precipitation.
Fig 7.
Univariate analysis of Precipitation 2020–2023.
(a) Average Precipitation (mm) in 2020. (b) Average Precipitation (mm) in 2021. (c) Average Precipitation (mm) in 2022. (d) Average Precipitation (mm) in 2023 Bi Bivariate Analysis of NDVI and Dengue Incidence.
Table 3.
Bivariate Analysis of NDVI and Dengue Incidence.
Fig 8.
Bivariate Analysis of NDVI and Dengue Incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2020. (b) LISA map of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2021. (e) LISA map of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2022. (f) LISA map of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDVI and Dengue incidence in 2023. Bivariate analysis of NDWI and Dengue Incidence.
Table 4.
Bivariate Analysis of NDWI and Dengue Incidence.
Fig 9.
Bivariate Analysis of NDWI and Dengue Incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2020. (b) LISA map of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2021. (e) LISA map of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2022. (f) LISA map of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of NDWI and Dengue incidence in 2023.
Table 5.
Bivariate Analysis of LSTD and Dengue Incidence.
Fig 10.
Bivariate Analysis of LSTD and Dengue Incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2020. (b) LISA map of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2021. (e) LISA map of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2022. (f) LISA map of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTD and Dengue incidence in 2023.
Table 6.
Bivariate Analysis of LSTN and Dengue Incidence.
Fig 11.
Bivariate Analysis of LSTN and Dengue Incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2020. (b) LISA map of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2021. (e) LISA map of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2022. (f) LISA map of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of LSTN and Dengue incidence in 2023.
Table 7.
Bivariate Analysis of Precipitation and Dengue Incidence.
Fig 12.
Bivariate Analysis of precipitation and Dengue Incidence 2020–2023.
(a) LISA map of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2020. (b) LISA map of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2021. (c) Moran’s I scatter plot of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2020. (d) Moran’s I scatter plot of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2021. (e) LISA map of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2022. (f) LISA map of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2023. (g) Moran’s I scatter plot of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2022. (h) Moran’s I scatter plot of precipitation and Dengue incidence in 2023.