Fig 1.
Sampling and insect collection site.
A: Site of origin of the isolated Beauveria bassiana strains. B-D: Carcasses of insects collected in the Conservation Management Unit “Tequecholapa”; photos were taken by Norberto Angel-Ruiz. The map was created with the open software QGIS V3.40.2. All shapefiles used are freely available at https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/mapas/.
Fig 2.
Conidium viability of each strain of entomopathogenic fungi isolated.
Letters indicate significant differences (F[10,55] = 6.8, P < 0.001).
Fig 3.
Microscopic structures of the Beauveria bassiana isolates.
co: conidiophore, s: septa; h: hypha with conidiophores at different growth stages; g: globular and sg: semi-globular conidia.
Fig 4.
Mycelia of Beauveria bassiana in a PDA medium.
In each panel, the left half of the image shows the top view, and the right half shows the bottom view of the Petri dish. A: strain B1, B: strain B3, C: strain B4, and D: strain B10.
Fig 5.
Mycelia of Beauveria bassiana in a pupae medium.
In each panel, the left half of the image shows the top view, and the right half shows the bottom view of the Petri dish. A: strain B1, B: strain B3, C: strain B4, and D: strain B10.
Fig 6.
Mycelia of Beauveria bassiana in a rice medium.
In each panel, the left half of the image shows the top view, and the right half shows the bottom view of the Petri dish. A: strain B1, B: strain B3, C: strain B4, and D: strain B10.
Fig 7.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of an alignment of 549 bp (ITS1 + 5.8S rRNA + ITS2 + large subunit rRNA) of the genus Beauveria.
The sequences obtained in the present study are indicated in blue.
Table 1.
Generalized linear model (GLM) with a Poisson distribution of the effect of culture medium, strain, and their interaction on mycelial growth on each day.
Fig 8.
Mycelial growth curves from day 4 to day 15 in each culture medium.
The mean values ± standard deviation calculated from the 3 replicates per strain are shown.
Fig 9.
Concentration of conidia/ml in each culture medium.
The combined data of the 3 replicates per strain are shown. Letters indicate significant differences (F[2]= 29.97, P < 0.001).
Table 2.
Mortality of Anastrepha ludens adults exposed to different Beauveria bassiana conidium concentrations.
Table 3.
Median lethal time of different B. bassiana strains at different concentrations.