Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of HFrEF patients grouped according to the presence or absence of factors limiting GDMT up-titration.
Fig 1.
Distribution and outcome of GDMT up-titration limiting factors.
A) The distribution of factors limiting GDMT up-titration in our cohort is shown as a donut chart. B) Kaplan-Meier plots for individual categories show the association between the GDMT up-titration limiting factors and all-cause mortality. For the Kaplan-Meier plot, the difference between groups was assessed using the log-rank test. The p-value is indicated.
Fig 2.
Use and dosage of HF therapy at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year depending on GDMT up-titration limiting factors.
(A) Use and (B) the percent of target dosage are shown as histograms and Tukey box plots grouped for the respective substance, i.e., BB, RASi, and MRA. The matched Wilcoxon was used for comparisons between baseline vs. 6 months and baseline vs. 1 year. The p-value is indicated as an asterisk in the respective plots. C shows the percentage of patients on triple therapy after 6 months, according to the presence of factors limiting GDMT up-titration at baseline (green: no factors limiting GDMT up-titration, red: patients experiencing factors limiting GDMT up-titration). D shows 1-year all-cause mortality of patients on different levels of GDMT at 6 months.
Fig 3.
Factors limiting GDMT up-titration of HF drugs in HFrEF.
The longitudinal evolution of GDMT up-titration limiting factors at baseline, 6-months, and 1-year follow-up (n = 264) is presented as a Sankey diagram.
Table 2.
Trajectories of GDMT up-titration limiting factors over a period of 1 year during up-titration.
Fig 4.
Phenotype characterization, distribution, and survival.
A. The distribution of all HFA profiles is shown in a donut chart, and 5 adjustments (SBP, 3xCKD, HK (S1 Table in S1 File)) were made. B. The association of the HFA profiles with all-cause mortality is shown as Kaplan-Meier plots for individual HFA profiles. For the Kaplan Meier plot, the difference between groups was assessed using the log-rank test. The p-value is indicated in the specific plot.