Fig 1.
Three-dimensional structure and cross-sectional dimension diagram of a Z-shaped culvert.
Fig 2.
Schematic diagram illustrating the connection effects of a Z-shaped culvert.
Fig 3.
Diagram of the structural model.
Fig 4.
Diagram of grid division for the double-segment culvert body.
Table 1.
Table of Material Parameters.
Table 2.
Table of Modeling Parameters.
Fig 5.
Distribution map of monitoring points and probes.
Fig 6.
Simulation results of the mechanical properties.
Fig 7.
Simulation results of mechanical properties of integral culvert.
Fig 8.
Comparison of mechanical properties data.
Fig 9.
Comparison of Models with Different Joint Heights.
Fig 10.
Deformation and Stress Values at Joints with Varying Heights.
Fig 11.
Schematic Diagram of Connector Reduction.
Fig 12.
Deformation and Stress Values at Joints with Varying Lengths.
Fig 13.
Schematic diagram of the mortise and tenon joint structure at the culvert end joint.
Fig 14.
Cross-sectional arrangement of the socket column (hole).
Fig 15.
Diagram of Roof Deformation.
Fig 16.
Equivalent Stress and Deformation Values at the Root of the Socket Column.
Fig 17.
Equivalent Stress and Deformation Values at the Midpoint of the Socket Column.
Fig 18.
Equivalent Stress and Deformation Values at the End of the Socket Column.
Fig 19.
Overall model diagram of two culverts featuring a socket device in a separated state.
Fig 20.
The inclusion grid separates the overall structure from its detailed components.
Fig 21.
Lateral loading mode (refers to the method of applying forces parallel to the ground).
Fig 22.
The model for converted uniform pressure loading.
Fig 23.
Map indicating the locations of measuring points.
Fig 24.
Map comparing the position values of monitoring points.
Fig 25.
Diagram comparing the equivalent stress values at monitoring points.