Fig 1.
Schematic diagram of the intrinsic mechanism by which ESG rating divergence affects the carbon emission intensity of manufacturing firms.
Table 1.
Specific steps.
Table 2.
Variable definitions.
Table 3.
Results of descriptive statistics.
Table 4.
Regression results for ESG rating divergence and carbon emission intensity.
Table 5.
Extending the observation window.
Table 6.
Endogeneity test.
Table 7.
Testing of mediating and moderating effects.
Table 8.
Heterogeneous effects of property rights and areas.
Table 9.
Heterogeneous effects of heavily polluting industries and degree of market competition.