Table 1.
The main characteristics of the 35 studies included in the systematic review categorized by their study designs.
Fig 1.
Prisma flow diagram of study selection.
Fig 2.
The relationship between longer TV watching time and risk of cognitive impairment.
A) Dose-response meta-analysis of TV watching time (hours per day) and the risk of cognitive impairment based on 4 studies. B) Meta-analysis of a longer TV watching time, compared to a lower one, with the risk of cognitive impairment (11 studies). Note: The black dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval, the blue dashed line represents the linear model, and the red dashed line represents the null value (RR = 1.00). The reference level is 0 hours per day.
Table 2.
Sensitivity and subgroup analysis of conventional meta-analysis of TV watching time and risk of cognitive impairment.
Fig 3.
The relationship between longer TV watching time and cognitive scores.
A) Dose-response meta-analysis of TV watching time (hours per day) and cognitive score fitted with restricted cubic spline with 3 knots (7 studies). B) Meta-analysis of a longer TV watching time, compared to a shorter one, with a cognitive score (6 studies).
Table 3.
Sensitivity and subgroup analysis between higher TV watching time and cognitive scores.