Fig 1.
Map with sampling collections in Mymensingh (Bangladesh).
Map displayed by R with shapefiles stored in DIVA GIS website (http://www.diva-gis.org/gdata). (A) Bangladesh, (B) Mymensingh district, (C) Trishal upazila.
Table 1.
Allelic frequency of Vgsc-1014 by geographic information.
Fig 2.
Spatial projection of vgsc-1014 alleles.
Blue: Leucine alleles (wild type); Red: Knockdown mutations associated with resistance (serine and phenylalanine).
Fig 3.
Animal hosts from Phlebotomus argentipes blood meals by species ID assay (N
= 410). Blue: cow; Red: human; Purple: mix feeds with human and cow; Grey: other mammals that include samples without positive band in species ID and samples with pig and goat blood.
Table 2.
Association of blood meal source (cow or human) with knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in P. argentipes.
Fig 4.
Variation of blood meal origin across 24 months of collections.
(A) Frequency related with sand flies collected across time. (B) Number of sand flies collected across time. Note that no sand flies were collected in month 5.