Table 1.
Demographic characteristics, stress biomarker concentrations and stress scores of study participants used for stress scoring analysis.
Fig 1.
Biomarkers’ contribution to ordinal regression models.
Three acute stress biomarkers (epinephrine, cortisol, and noradrenaline) were used to predict a participant’s blood pressure category. Blood pressure was categorized into 3 classes: normal, at risk, and hypertensive and (B) 2 classes: normal and at risk and hypertensive participants combined. Each mediator’s contribution to the model was extracted and depicted as a percentage in the pie chart.
Fig 2.
Stress outcomes by race, sex and smoking status.
Stress outcomes measured include (A-C) acute stress, (D-F) secondary mediator scores and (G-I) allostatic load. Groups were compared using T-tests. Significant differences are denoted as follows: ∎ Represents significance between groups (p < 0.1), * represents significance between groups (p < 0.05), ** represents significance between groups (p < 0.01), *** represents significance between groups (p < 0.001).
Fig 3.
Stratified stress outcomes by race, sex and smoking status.
Stress outcomes measured include (A-C) acute stress, (D-F) secondary mediator scores and (G-I) allostatic load. Groups were compared using a two-way ANOVA test to obtain an overall p-value as depicted in the upper left- or right-hand corner of each plot. Pairwise t-tests were then run for post-hoc testing and include the following comparisons: ∎ Represents significance between groups (Padj < 0.1), * represents significance between groups (Padj < 0.05), ** represents significance between groups (Padj < 0.01), *** represents significance between groups (Padj < 0.001).