Fig 1.
Maps of the Aurignacian and Gravettian sites included in the analysed datasets.
Maps created using the Free and Open Source QGIS. Background maps (1:10m Gray Earth) used from Natural Earth. Free vector and raster map data @ naturalearthdata.com.
Fig 2.
Percentage of Aurignacian and Gravettian sites at which the most common personal ornament types were found (defined as personal ornaments that appear in 5 or more sites).
Table 1.
Results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test calculated for the bead-type associations recorded at Aurignacian occupation and Gravettian occupation and burial sites.
Fig 3.
Number of ornament types found at Aurignacian and Gravettian occupations and primary burial sites.
Table 2.
Results of the Mantel tests calculated for the bead-type associations recorded at Aurignacian and Gravettian sites.
Fig 4.
Mantel correlograms established for the ornament-type associations recorded at Aurignacian (a, b, c) and Gravettian sites (d, e, f).
Units of geographic distance are 500 km (a, d), 250 km (b, e), 100 km (c, f). Black squares indicate significant P-values, white squares non-significant P-values.
Fig 5.
First, second and third axes of the Principal Coordinate Analysis of the bead-type association recorded at Aurignacian and Gravettian sites.
Fig 6.
First and second axes of the Principal Coordinate Analysis of bead-type association recorded at Aurignacian and Gravettian sites in a) North-western Europe, b) central Europe, c) north Iberia, d) western Mediterranean and e) south Iberia.
Circle = occupation, square = burial. (A) = Aurignacian, (G) = Gravettian.
Table 3.
Results of the perMANOVA of the combined Aurignacian and Gravettian excluding sites only presenting bead-types not shared with any other site.
Fig 7.
Seriation analysis of the bead database for shaped personal ornaments from Aurignacian and Gravettian sites. Squares indicate the occurrence of ornament types at sites. The colour of the square represents the geographical set to which the site belongs. Shaded background colours represent the technocomplex to which the sites belong, Red = Aurignacian, Blue = Gravettian.
Fig 8.
K-means clustering analysis of the bead-type association recorded at Aurignacian and Gravettian sites.
Square = cluster centroid. Red = Cluster 1, Blue = Cluster 2.
Fig 9.
Archaeological Similarity Network plotted with Fruchterman-Reingold layout for, a) Aurignacian and, b) Gravettian full dataset.
The ASNs’ edge weight (thickness) caption to the right of the corresponding network corresponds to the pairwise similarity value between connected nodes. Symbol code: circle – Occupation; square – Burial.
Fig 10.
Archaeological Similarity Network for Aurignacian and Gravettian full dataset plotted with Fruchterman-Reingold layout.
The ASNs’ edge weight (thickness) caption to the right of the corresponding network corresponds to the pairwise similarity value between connected nodes. Colour and symbol code: red triangle – Aurignacian; blue square – Gravettian Burials; cyan circle – Gravettian Occupations.