Fig 1.
Flow diagram of study. Group R, (ropivacaine), Group D (ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine), Group E (ropivacaine with dexamethasone), Group S (ropivacaine with sufentanil).
Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics and surgery duration between the four groups.
Fig 2.
Comparison of VAS pain scores (A) at rest and (B) during coughing between the four groups.
Data were expressed as mean (standard deviation).
Table 2.
Comparison of secondary outcomes between the groups.
Table 3.
Comparison of postoperative adverse events among the four groups.
Table 4.
QoR-15 scores after surgery.