Table 1.
Literature review.
Fig 1.
Flow chart of proposed system.
Fig 2.
Punch types and its kinematics: (a) No punch (b) Long-range rear jab to head (c) Mid-range rear hook to head (d) Mid-range rear uppercut to head.
Fig 3.
IMU raw data: (a) 3-DoF accelerometer data (b) 3-DoF gyroscope data.
Fig 4.
IMU data and video synchronization.
Fig 5.
Expert annotation of uncertain instances to refine model training.
Table 2.
Accuracy metrics with different percentage of the training dataset.
Fig 6.
Combined Confusion matrix: (a) Rear hand punch recognition (b) Lead hand punch recognition.
Table 3.
Model testing results across different boxers with 15% of training dataset.
Fig 7.
Combined Confusion matrix: (a) Rear hand punch classification (b) Lead hand punch classification.
Fig 8.
Confusion matrix-punch classification.
Fig 9.
Validation of punch with timestamp: (a) Jab (b) Hook (c) Uppercut.
Table 4.
Literature comparison.