Fig 1.
YOLOv8n structure diagram.
Fig 2.
C2f and BC2f module structure diagrams.
Fig 3.
BiFormer structure diagram.
Fig 4.
Heatmap changes before and after adding BiFormer attention mechanism.
Fig 5.
GSConv module structure diagram.
Fig 6.
YOLOv8n-BWG model structure diagram.
Fig 7.
Dataset sample images.
Fig 8.
Enhanced dataset sample images.
Fig 9.
Dataset visualization diagram.
Fig 10.
Network loss function change diagram.
Table 1.
Performance comparison of three loss functions.
Fig 11.
mAP0.5 Curves of various models.
Table 2.
Performance comparison of ablation experiments on optimization modules.
Fig 12.
Comparative diagrams of different indicators.
Table 3.
Performance comparison of different models.
Fig 13.
Radar chart of multi-model performance comparison.
Fig 14.
YOLOv8n detection results diagram.
Fig 15.
YOLOv8n-BWG detection results diagram.
Fig 16.
UAV smoke monitoring and precise traceability process diagram.
Fig 17.
Geometric model of the binocular system.