Fig 1.
CONSORT flowchart of participants.
Table 1.
Demographic data of female participants (n = 30).
Fig 2.
Schematic representation of the experimental protocol over time.
CWI cold water immersion, HWI hot water immersion, CON control, SmO2 muscle oxygen saturation, Tskin skin temperature, Tcore core temperature, HR heart rate, MVIC maximum voluntary isometric contraction, DOMS delayed onset of muscle soreness, CK creatine kinase.
Table 2.
Pairwise comparisons of the intervention effects by time point for physiological parameters.
Fig 3.
Results of physiological parameters.
(A) muscle oxygen saturation of the right quadriceps femoris muscle (SmO2), (B) core temperature (Tcore), (C) skin temperature (Tskin), and (D) heart rate (HR) over time in CWI, HWI and CON groups. All data are presented as mean±SD. BL baseline, postEx post-exercise, postInt post-intervention, ***p < 0.001 CWI vs HWI, *p < 0.05 CWI vs HWI, ###p < 0.001 CWI vs CON, #p < 0.05 CWI vs CON, †††p < 0.01 HWI vs CON.
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons of the intervention effects by time point for recovery parameter.
Fig 4.
Results of recovery parameters.
(A) maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), (B) muscle swelling, (C) delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), and (D) creatine kinase (CK) over time in CWI, HWI and CON groups. A, B and D values are normalised to baseline (% mean±SD) for their initial values. All values are presented as mean±SD. BL baseline, ††p < 0.01 HWI vs CON, †p < 0.05 HWI vs CON.