Fig 1.
Schematic presentation of the ANI-REMI-LOOP software with inputs and outputs.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
Fig 2.
Flowchart.
Table 2.
Primary outcome: Cumulative remifentanil administration during anesthesia.
Table 3.
Secondary outcomes during anesthesia (Intention-to-treat analysis).
Fig 3.
Overview of hemodynamic, BIS, and ANIm during anesthesia (T1 to T7).
Red lines: Automatic administration, blue lines: standard practice. Measuring points: (T1) 5 minutes before start of surgical procedure; (T2) 1 minute, (T3) 5 minutes, (T4) 20 minutes after initiating the surgical procedure; (T5) end of surgery, (T6) during wound dressing, and (T7) patient unstimulated before the awakening phase. Data presented as median [1st; 3rd quartile]. Abbreviations: HR = heart rate (bpm); SBP = systolic blood pressure (mmHg); BIS = BiSpectral Index; ANIm = Analgesia Nociception Index.
Table 4.
Secondary outcomes two hours after anesthesia (intention-to-treat analysis).