Fig 1.
Distribution of days to heading in the wheat core collection (n= 530) by geographic origin and Korean wheat varieties (n = 40).
Different letters above the boxplots indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Table 1.
Effects of VRN-1 and PPD-1 Alleles on days to heading (DTH) in the wheat core collection.
Fig 2.
Manhattan plots and QQ plots for different genome-wide association study (GWAS) models.
The results correspond to the application of the BLINK, FarmCPU, and SUPER models to Group A (A) and Group B (B).
Fig 3.
Chromosomal distribution of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with days to heading identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS) (-log10(P) > 5 and MAF > 5%).
Significant SNPs identified in Group A (Blue) and Group B (Red) are indicated, with selected SNPs marked by a highlighter.
Table 2.
Genetic information of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS).
Fig 4.
Distribution of days to heading based on allelic variations of the selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through group analysis of wheat core collections. In Group A, SNPs AX-95222044 (A) and AX-94685526 (B) were analyzed, while in Group B, SNPs AX-94550996 (C) and AX-94970315 (D) were analyzed. Combinations of SNPs within each group were also analyzed (E, F). *** significant at P < 0.001. Different letters above the boxplots indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 level according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Fig 5.
Allele distribution of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the wheat core collections (n = 530) by geographic origin and Korean wheat varieties (n = 37). Black and white indicate alleles for early heading and late heading, respectively.