Table 1.
Analysis of variance and summary of the descriptive statistics for the BNF-related studied traits of 241 cowpea genotypes.
Fig 1.
Trait distribution by origin of 241 cowpea genotypes studied based on NN (A, D&G), NE (B, E&H) and NDW (C, F&I) in experiments 1, 2 and combined, respectively.
Dots represent the cowpea genotypes evaluated.
Fig 2.
Distribution of SNPs on 11 chromosomes of cowpea within 1Mb window size.
The horizontal axis shows chromosome length with their respective SNPs density. The legend (0-209) indicates the SNPs density.
Fig 3.
Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree based on the kinship matrix derived from the genotypic data (A) and three-dimensional distribution depicted by principal component (PC) analysis (B) of the 241 cowpea genotypes.
Table 2.
Trait, SNP ID, allele, chromosome, position, model, QTN effect, LOD score, proportion of phenotypic variation explained (r2), and minor allele frequency of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BNF-related traits measured on cowpea mini core population evaluated in the screen house at MUARIK, Uganda.
Fig 4.
Manhattan plots for combined analysis and respective quantile-quantile (QQ) plots for the cowpea mini-core population.
The x-axis shows the 11 cowpea chromosomes with physical positions, the y-axis displays the −log10 (p)-values. The threshold with a critical logarithm odd of 3. A= number of nodules per plant (NN); B= percentage of nodule efficiency (NE); C= Nodule dry weight in mg/plant (NDW).
Fig 5.
Manhattan plots for experiment two and respective quantile-quantile (QQ) plots for the cowpea mini-core population.
The x-axis shows the 11 cowpea chromosomes with physical positions, the y-axis displays the −log10 (p)-values. The threshold with a critical logarithm odd of 3. A= number of nodules per plant (NN); B= percentage of nodule efficiency (NE); C= Nodule dry weight in mg/plant (NDW).
Fig 6.
Manhattan plots for experiment one and respective quantile-quantile (QQ) plots for the cowpea mini-core population.
The x-axis shows the 11 cowpea chromosomes with physical positions, the y-axis displays the −log10 (p)-values. The threshold with a critical logarithm odd of 3. A= number of nodules per plant (NN); B= percentage of nodule efficiency (NE); C= Nodule dry weight in mg/plant (NDW).
Table 3.
Gene annotation for the significant identified SNPs for BNF traits of the mini-core cowpea population.
Fig 7.
Boxplots showing the effect of the selected significant markers with a biological function related to BNF-related traits (NN, NE and NDW) on chromosome 1 (B), chromosome 6 (A), chromosome 7 (D&F), chromosome 10 (C) and chromosome 11 (E). The x-axis represents the allele variants (A, C, G and T).
Table 4.
Profile of the alleles at the top 15 selected (for NN, NE, and NDW) genotypes from the 241cowpea genotypes evaluated.