Fig 1.
MFD-YOLO structure.
Fig 2.
MGPC module.
Fig 3.
MFDPN module.
Fig 4.
DTADH module.
Table 1.
Parameter setting table.
Table 2.
Ablation experiment.
Table 3.
Detection results of each category.
Table 4.
Changes in improved parameters of the backbone layer.
Fig 5.
(a) Dataset distribution, (b) dataset size distribution.
Fig 6.
(a) Dataset distribution, (b) dataset size distribution.
Fig 7.
Comparison of detection effects.
Origin is the original image,Detect is the detection result,Heatmap is the detection heatmap.
Table 5.
Detection effect of different sizes.
Table 6.
Multi scale detection.
Fig 8.
(a) Speed up 1.5, (b) speed up 1.7, (c) speed up 2.0.
Table 7.
Pruning experiment.
Fig 9.
Radar chart comparing indicators.
Table 8.
Comparative experiment.
Fig 10.
(a) YOLOv8n in low light conditions, (b) YOLOv8n under sufficient lighting conditions, (c) MFD-YOLO in low light conditions, (d) MFD-YOLO under sufficient lighting conditions.