Fig 1.
Major categories and classifications of sensorless PMSM.
Fig 2.
PMSM sensorless speed observation principle by MRAS.
Fig 3.
MRAS in the form of a looped system.
Fig 4.
Closed-loop block diagram of rotor speed estimation.
Fig 5.
Block diagram of SMC based nonlinear plant.
Fig 6.
PMSM drive based on the MRAS for the sensorless speed.
Fig 7.
PMSM Speed performance during Test case 1 (Speed levels change).
Table 1.
Detailed performance characteristics of PMSM under Test Cases 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Fig 8.
PMSM Electromagnetic torque performance during Test case 1 (Speed levels change).
Fig 9.
PMSM Currents during Test case 1 (Speed levels change); (a): direct-quadratic currents; (b) stator currents.
Fig 10.
PMSM Speed performance during Test case 2.
Fig 11.
PMSM Electromagnetic torque performance during Test case 2.
Fig 12.
PMSM Currents during Test case 2 (a): direct-quadratic currents; (b) stator currents.
Fig 13.
PMSM Speed performance during Test case 3 (reversed rotation).
Fig 14.
PMSM Electromagnetic torque performance during Test case 3 (reversed rotation).
Fig 15.
PMSM Currents during Test case 3 (reversed rotation); (a): direct-quadratic currents; (b) stator currents.
Fig 16.
PMSM Speed performance during Test case 3 (uncertainties events).
Fig 17.
PMSM speed performance, Test case 4.
Table 2.
Comparative Performance Analysis of PMSM in Test Cases 4 and 5.
Fig 18.
PMSM electromagnetic torque performance PMSM during Test case 4.
Fig 19.
PMSM direct and quadratic currents during Test case 4.
Fig 20.
PMSM Stator currents during Test case 4.
Fig 21.
Current Harmonic Analysis for MRAS with the three presented schemes.