Table 1.
Interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances (16S) between Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. and closely related taxa.
Fig 1.
Part of the Ranitomeya genus phylogenetic tree depicting the relationships of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. with the other species of R. vanzolinii species group (Bayesian inference tree for genes 16S, 12S, COI and CytB).
Posterior probability support is shown on the branches. SS: Strictu Sensu – individual in the type series. The species’ name is preceded by the specimen voucher number (for the complete tree see S2 Fig).
Fig 2.
Preserved holotype of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. (INPA-H 47581) from Comunidade de Nova Esperança, Eirunepé municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil: (A) dorsal and (B) ventral view, (C) lateral head, (D) hand and (E) foot.
Photographs: A. T. Mônico.
Fig 3.
In life holotype of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. (INPA-H 47581, APL 24826): (A) lateral and (B) dorsal view, (C) lateral view showing the spots in lateroventral and inguinal region.
Photographs: A. T. Mônico.
Fig 4.
Dorsal and ventral color pattern variation of the Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. in life: Males (A) Holotype - INPA-H 47581, (B) INPA-H 47575, (C) INPA-H 47584, (D) INPA-H 47588; females (E) INPA-H 47580, (F) INPA-H 47583, (G) INPA-H 47584.
Photographs: A.T. Mônico.
Fig 5.
Adult individuals of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.: [A] paratype, male INPA-H 47584, APL 24839; [B] paratype, female INPA-H 47583, APL 24828; [C] paratype, female INPA-H 47584, APL 24829; and [D] paratype, male INPA-H 47587, APL 24840.
Photographs: A.T. Mônico.
Fig 6.
Schematic illustration of the variation of stripes on the head of the adult individuals of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.
Fig 7.
Advertisement call of a paratype of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. (INPA-H 47573, FNJV 0124341, SVL = 15.6 mm) recorded at the Comunidade de Nova Esperança, Eirunepé municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil.
Air temperature 27.3° C.
Fig 8.
Courtship call of a paratype of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. (MPEG 45225, FNJV 0124340, 15.8 mm).
Air temperature 24.5°C.
Fig 9.
Preserved tadpoles of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.: (A) stage 26, (B) stage 37 (in lateral, dorsal and ventral views), (C) ventral view of the oral disc at stage 37.
Photographs: A.T. Mônico.
Fig 10.
Geographic distribution of the Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. and species of R. vanzolinii group.
Stars indicate the type localities of each species. Acronyms: BRA, Brazil; PER, Peru; COL, Colombia; BOL, Bolivia. All shapefiles are under open access license and free to use, credited to: USGS (Elevation layer, GTOPO30, https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/), ANA (Brazilian States, South America political boundaries and Hydrography, https://metadados.snirh.gov.br/geonetwork/srv/por/catalog.search#/home).
Fig 11.
Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. natural history and breeding aspects: [A] ombrophilous open forests with palms inhabited by the new species; [B] habitat of the new species in detail; [C] single tadpole within a phytotelma; [D] tadpole with a partly developed dorsal pattern of the adult individuals; [E] metamorph displaying adult coloration; [F] juvenile; [G] calling male with inflated vocal sac.
Photographs: A.T. Mônico (A, B, C, F and G), A.P. Lima (D), S. Dantas (E).
Table 2.
Morphometric measurements of adult type specimens of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.
Table 3.
Acoustic characteristics of 23 analyzed advertisement calls of seven males of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.
Table 4.
Acoustic variables of the courtship call of 10 analyzed calls of one male of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov. (MPEG 45225).
Table 5.
Morphometric measurements (mm) of five tadpoles of Ranitomeya aetherea sp. nov.