Fig 1.
Distribution of ESBL genes in 69 ESBL-EC strains from captive primates.
(A) Subtypes of ESBL genes carried by 69 ESBL-EC strains; (B) Combination patterns of ESBL genes identified from 69 ESBL-EC strains.
Table 1.
VAGs detected from ESBL-EC isolates derived from captive primates.
Fig 2.
Distribution of VAGs in 69 ESBL-EC strains from captive primates.
(A) Detection rate of VAGs, and the different colors in each bar represent five zoos; (B) The radar map shows the percentages of 69 ESBL-EC strains carrying one to ten types of VAGs. The highest percentage is 20.29% (carrying three types), followed by 18.84% (carrying six types) and the lowest percentage is 2.9% (carrying two or nine types).
Fig 3.
Combination patterns of MGEs in 69 ESBL-EC isolates from captive primates.
Fig 4.
Heatmap of the association between MGEs and ESBL genes or VAGs in 69 ESBL-EC strains.
Blue represents positive association (r > 0, P < 0.05) and red represents negative association (r < 0, P < 0.05). The saturation of red and blue represents the r-value. (A) Heatmap of the association between ESBL genes and MGEs; (B) Heatmap of the association between VAGs and MGEs.
Fig 5.
A heatmap comparing ARGs, VAGs, MGEs, and plasmid replicon types among 28 E. coli donor strains and their corresponding transconjugants.
âTâ represents that the strain is a transconjugant. Green squares represent donor bacteria or transconjugants carrying the gene or plasmid.
Fig 6.
Minimum spanning tree of MLST types in 28 capable of conjugation ESBL-EC strains (The new ST that did not match in the MLST database was not shown).
The size of the circle is proportional to the number of this ST type. The colors in the circles represent the proportion of the number of phylogroups. The yellow outline of the circle represents the adjacent ST types belonging to the same clonal complex.