Fig 1.
Theoretical mechanism and hypothesises of the impact of public services expenditure on agglomeration effect.
Table 1.
The centripetal force and centrifugal force of economic subjects.
Fig 2.
The transmission mechanism of the public services and the agglomeration effect.
Table 2.
The selection of research sample.
Table 3.
The calculation methods for the variables.
Table 4.
The descriptive statistics for the variables.
Table 5.
Unit root tests.
Table 6.
Cointegration tests.
Table 7.
Empirical results of general equilibrium.
Fig 3.
Threshold estimates of public services expenditure on agglomeration effects under the general equilibrium (PTR Model 1–12 corresponding to (a) – (l)).
Fig 4.
Threshold estimates of public services expenditure on agglomeration effects under the monocentric structure (PTR Model 13–24 corresponding to (a) – (l)).
Fig 5.
Threshold estimates of public services expenditure on agglomeration effects under the polycentric structure (PTR Model 25 - 36 corresponding to (a) – (l)).
Table 8.
The tests of threshold effect.
Table 9.
Threshold regression results in the general equilibrium analysis.
Table 10.
Threshold regression result in the general equilibrium analysis.
Table 11.
Threshold regression result in the general equilibrium analysis.
Table 12.
Threshold regression results of the monocentric structure.
Table 13.
Threshold regression results of the polycentric structure.