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Fig 1.

Overall structure diagram of the MBH-GNN model, illustrating the key components: Graph Construction (A), Neighbor-aware GNN (B), High-hop Interaction Learning (C), and Recommendation Prediction (D).

The diagram provides a high-level overview of the model architecture, aiding understanding before the detailed explanation.

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Fig 2.

Structure of the multi-behavior interaction graph.

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Fig 3.

Structure of the neighbor-aware heterogeneous graph neural network.

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Fig 4.

Structure of the high-hop interaction learning module.

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Table 1.

Performance comparison on BeiBei and Tmall datasets.

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Table 2.

Comparison of model performance on the BeiBei and Tmall datasets, evaluated using multiple recommendation metrics: NDCG and HR at different K values.

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Fig 5.

The comparison of Hit Rate (HR@10) and Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG@10) across varying data sparsity levels on BeiBei and Tmall datasets.

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Fig 6.

Performance of various models in cold start scenarios on BeiBei and Tmall datasets.

The horizontal axis represents the number of cold start users/items, while the vertical axis shows the respective performance metrics.

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Fig 7.

Visualization of user-item multi-behavior interactions in MBH-GNN.

Heatmaps represent the correlation strength between different behaviors, and bar charts show the relative weights of each behavior. Higher correlations and weights indicate greater influence on recommendation decisions.

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Table 3.

Ablation study results on BeiBei and Tmall datasets.

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Table 4.

Neighborhood contribution analysis on BeiBei and Tmall datasets. This table illustrates the impact of different neighborhood hops (1-hop, 1+2-hop, 1+2+3-hop) on HR@10 and NDCG@10 for both datasets.

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