Fig 1.
Flowchart of procedures for participants selection and inclusion.
* “Excluded missing data with MASLD” refers to individuals with missing values for variables involved in the MASLD definitions and its related inclusion and exclusion criteria. **Other steatosis liver disease (SLD) refers to cryptogenic SLD, metabolic associated alcoholic liver disease (MetALD) or other combination aetiology SLD, and other specific aetiology SLD.
Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the study population stratified by MASLD.
Fig 2.
The distribution of HEI (A). The full-adjusted relationship between HEI and MASLD using Restricted Cubic Spline (B). The solid line represents the fitted nonlinearcurve. The area adjacent to the solid line represents the 95% confidence interval. Abbreviations: HEI, healthy eating index; CI, confidence interval.
Fig 3.
Mediation effects of potential mediators in the associations of HEI with MASLD.
Notes: Adjust for age, sex, race, body mass index, poverty income ratio, education levels, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and PA total MET. Abbreviations: HEI, healthy eating index; METS-IR, metabolic score for insulin resistance; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; BRI, body roundness index; ABSI, a body shape index; ACME, average causal mediation effects (indirect effect); ADE, average direct effects. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.
Table 2.
Adjusted association of dietary indexs with MASLD.
Table 3.
Adjusted association of HEI with MASLD for subgroup analyses.