Fig 1.
Geographic distribution of Iberian Late Prehistoric stelae. Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 2.
Location of Las Capellanías and nearby sites. Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Timoteo Rivera-Jiménez.
Fig 3.
Excavation process of Stela #2 at Las Capellanías burial complex.
A) Orthoimage of the stela and surrounding structures upon discovery; B) and C) The stela in the process of being excavated and ready for lifting; D) Soil deposit beneath the stela; E) Structural elements of the mound after removal of the stela and excavation of soil deposits. Bottom left: Section of the stela context located between Structure 1a and the slabs outlining the peristaltic ring of the mound. Orthoimage: David Wheatley. Photographs, annotation and section: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 4.
Photographs of stelae #1 and #2, once cleaned.
Stela #1, is missing the bottom part and measures 0.95 m high, while stela #2 is complete and is 1.23 m high. Photographs: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 5.
Photomicrograph of the thin section of the stela.
Minerals: Afs, K‐feldspar; Ms, muscovite; Pl, plagioclase and Qz, quartz. Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from Teodosio Donaire Romero.
Fig 6.
Synthesis and interpretation of the motifs depicted on the stela. Design: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 7.
A) 3D renderings of the slab, on all its sides; B) Enhanced visualizations of the carved area through the application of TVT (https://tvt.dh.gu.se/); C) Interpretation of the carvings generated through interactive semi-automatic colorization. Design: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Table 1.
Band correlation of images of Cañaveral de León stela #2.
Table 2.
Variance explained by the Principal Components.
Fig 8.
Several results of DIA applied to image 6909.
A) Band obtained by PC1; B) Band obtained by PC2; C) Band obtained by PC3; D) False colour image (combination 322); E) Results of the subtraction of PC2 band to PC3 band; F) Results of Ferric Pigments Index. Design: Miguel Ángel Rogerio-Candelera.
Fig 9.
RTI visualizations of the texture of grooves outlining:
a) fingers; b) sword outline; c) foot toes; d) quadruped; e) arrows; f) torso. Design: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 10.
Chaîne opératoire of manufacture and biography of the stela. Design: Marta Díaz-Guardamino.
Fig 11.
Synthetic plan of the Las Capellanías burial complex after the June 2022 excavations. Printed under a CC BY 4.0 with permission from David Wheatley.
Table 3.
Burial doses (Db), Dose rates and Ages for the analysed samples.
Table 4.
Orientation data for Structure 1.
Fig 12.
Panoramic view of the area of the necropolis towards the east, included in the Stellarium software.
The red lines above the horizon indicate the movement of the sun in the summer (left) and winter (right) solstices. The white line indicates the path of the sun at the equinoxes. The green lines indicate the path of the moon at the lunastices. The solid white strokes indicate the orientation of the eight tombs, while the dashed stroke marks the orientation of the feature initially thought to be the socket of stela #2. Design: A. César González-García.
Table 5.
Radiocarbon dates for burial complexes mentioned in the text.