Fig 1.
Diagram of idealised Osedax boring showing the broad morphological features used to define morphotypes.
Table 1.
The marine reptile specimens with Osspecus newly described in this study, including all available information on provenance.
Fig 2.
Surface view of specimens with Osspecus bioerosion.
A) NHMUK PV R 4205. B) NHMUK PV R 1215. C) NHMUK PV R 1233. D) NHMUK PV R 3355. E) NHMUK PV R 1265. F) NHMUK PV OR 32812.
Fig 3.
The 2D cross-sections and 3D reconstructions of the type borings of each of the five morphotypes present in the specimens addressed in this study.
A) Cross-section of an O. eunicefootia boring in NHMUK PV OR 32812. B) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the boring in panel A. C) Cross-section of an O. tuscia boring NHMUK PV R 1233. D) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the boring in panel C. E) Cross-section of an O. morus boring in NHMUK PV R 1215. F) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the boring in panel E. G) Cross-section of an O. campanicum boring in NHMUK PV R 1233. H) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the type boring in panel G. I) Cross-section of an O. arboreum boring in NHMUK PV R 4205. J) Three-dimensional reconstruction of the boring in panel I. K) Different morphologies of O. morus borings in NHMUK PV R 1215. L) Tubular bioerosion in NHMUK PV R 1265 that may be exploratory and incomplete Osedax borings or another form of bioerosion. Scale bars are 2 mm in all panels.
Table 2.
The Osspecus ichnospecies presented in this study and the characteristic features that were used to define them.
Fig 4.
Litho- and biostratigraphic scheme for the UK Chalk Group, showing the succession of calcareous nannofossil zones, and current lithostratigraphic divisions.
Constrained marine reptile specimen dates are marked by orange bars. Ichnospecies occurrences in the Upper Cretaceous are indicated by navy bars, and inferred ranges by dashed green lines. Ichnospecies that are found in the Cenozoic have an inferred range above the Cretaceous, indicated by arrows. Nannofossil zonation scheme is modified from Burnett (1998) [20] and lithostratigraphy is modified from Rawson et al. (2001) [26]. Note that O. panatlanticum is not found in the UK Chalk. Numerical ages from GTS2020 [27] and TimescaleCreator8 (timescalecreator.org).
Table 3.
Nannofossil and zonation data for the marine reptile specimens.
Fig 5.
The full time ranges of the eight currently described ichnospecies of Osspecus.
Earliest fossil occurrence from Danise & Higgs (2015) [15]. Ichnospecies occurrences are indicated by navy bars, and inferred ranges by dashed green lines. Numerical ages from GTS2020 [27] and TimescaleCreator8 (timescalecreator.org).