Fig 1.
Pavlodar northern industrial zone research area (202.29 km2) with sampling locations.
Industrial, social, and natural objects: 1—Pavlodar petrochemical plant, 2—Neftechim LTD, 3—solid waste accumulator, 4—TPP-3, 5—former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 1), 6—former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 2), 7—calcined petroleum coke production plant, 8—ponds for mercury waste, 9—KSP-Steel (former Pavlodar tractor plant), 10—TPP-2, 11—Balkyldak lake, 12, 13, 14—residents’ summer houses (dachas), 15—Pavlodarskoye Village, and 16—Irtysh River. 1-39 (green circle mark) — sampling points locations. Basemap: Esri OSM Vector Basemap (CC BY 4.0), Data: OpenStreetMap contributors.
Table 1.
Statistics on HM concentrations in the northern industrial zone of Pavlodar.
Fig 2.
Distribution of heavy metal concentrations in the studied area.
Fig 3.
Pearson correlation between HM concentrations in the study region.
Table 2.
Average environmental impact indicators in the NIZ of Pavlodar.
Fig 4.
Scatter plots and regression lines for heavy metal pairwise correlations in soil samples.
Fig 5.
Scree plot of principal components.
Fig 6.
Correlation matrix for HMs, coordinates, environmental indices, and principal components.
Fig 7.
Correlation graph for PC1, PC6, and PLI.
Table 3.
Average environmental impact indicators in the NIZ of Pavlodar.
Fig 8.
Industrial objects: 1 – Pavlodar petrochemical plant, 2 – Neftechim LTD, 3 – solid waste accumulator, 4 – TPP-3, 5 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 1), 6 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 2), 7 – calcined petroleum coke production plant, 8 – ponds for mercury waste, 9 – KSP-Steel (former Pavlodar tractor plant), 10 – TPP-2.
Fig 9.
PLI spatial distribution in the study area.
(Interpolation: SAGA 7.8.2 multilevel b-spline in QGIS v. 3.28.11. [50]). Industrial objects: 1 – Pavlodar petrochemical plant, 2 – Neftechim LTD, 3 – solid waste accumulator, 4 – TPP-3, 5 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 1), 6 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 2), 7 – calcined petroleum coke production plant, 8 – ponds for mercury waste, 9 – KSP-Steel (former Pavlodar tractor plant), 10 – TPP-2.
Fig 10.
Zc spatial distribution in the study area.
(Interpolation: SAGA 7.8.2 multilevel b-spline in QGIS v. 3.28.11. [50]). Industrial objects: 1 – Pavlodar petrochemical plant, 2 – Neftechim LTD, 3 – solid waste accumulator, 4 – TPP-3, 5 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 1), 6 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 2), 7 – calcined petroleum coke production plant, 8 – ponds for mercury waste, 9 – KSP-Steel (former Pavlodar tractor plant), 10 – TPP-2.
Fig 11.
B spatial distribution in the study area.
(Interpolation: SAGA 7.8.2 multilevel b-spline in QGIS v. 3.28.11. [50]). Industrial objects: 1 – Pavlodar petrochemical plant, 2 – Neftechim LTD, 3 – solid waste accumulator, 4 – TPP-3, 5 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 1), 6 – former Pavlodar chemical plant (industrial site 2), 7 – calcined petroleum coke production plant, 8 – ponds for mercury waste, 9 – KSP-Steel (former Pavlodar tractor plant), 10 – TPP-2.
Table 4.
Spatial shares of soil at various contamination levels in the study area using the Zc indicator.
Table 5.
Spatial shares of soil at various contamination levels in the study area using the PLI.
Table 6.
Pollutant emissions from industrial facilities in the NIZ of Pavlodar.
Table 7.
Comparison of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Snow Cover in the Northern Industrial Zone of Pavlodar.