Fig 1.
Marker set and walking example.
(a) Marker set. Typical example of gait conditions with a (b) narrow and (c) wide step width.
Fig 2.
Time series data of the head, T4 level, and pelvis under each measurement condition.
Condition: (a) narrow and 4.5km/h, (b) narrow and 2.2km/h, (c) wide and 4.5km/h, (d) wide and 2.2km/h. Black solid lines represent the mean over the entire gait cycle, and error bars indicate ± SD.
Table 1.
Statistical results for stride time.
Table 2.
Statistical results for step width.
Fig 3.
Mean data of stride time and step width under each measurement condition.
(a) Stride time (b) Step width. Bars reflect mean values, and error bars represent ± SD. *** = p < 0.001. In the figures, results of simple main effects are shown when an interaction was observed, and a main effect is shown when no interaction was observed.
Table 3.
Statistical results for Mean DIS.
Fig 4.
Mean data of mediolateral displacement (DIS) under each measurement condition.
Bars reflect mean values, and error bars represent ± SD. * = p < 0.05, and *** = p < 0.001. In this figure, only the results of multiple comparisons between body segments within each condition are shown as asterisks. See the main text for other statistical results for main effects, simple–simple main effects, and simple main effects.
Table 4.
Statistical results for Mean %DIS.
Fig 5.
Mean data of relative magnitude of DIS to step width (%DIS) under each measurement condition.
Bars reflect mean values, and error bars represent ± SD. *** = p < 0.001. In this figure, only the results of multiple comparisons between body segments within each condition are shown as asterisks. See the main text for other statistical results for main effects, simple–simple main effects, and simple main effects.
Table 5.
Statistical results for CV-%DIS.
Fig 6.
Variability of %DIS (CV-%DIS) under each measurement condition.
Bars reflect mean values, and error bars represent ± SD. * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01, and *** = p < 0.001. In this figure, only the results of multiple comparisons between body segments within each condition are shown as asterisks. See the main text for other statistical results for the main effects, simple–simple main effects, and simple main effects.