Fig 1.
PRISMA flow diagram.
Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
Table 2.
Quality scores assessing the risk of bias using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale.
Table 3.
Description of pharmacist intervention according to DEPICT version 2.
Fig 2.
The forest plot illustrates the Odds Ratio for the rational use of anti-ulcer drugs among the experimental and control participants.
The size of the data markers represents the weight from the random effects analysis and CI denotes the confidence interval.
Table 4.
Subgroup analysis on rational use of medication: Helicobacter pylori eradication, intervention types, and age.
Fig 3.
The forest plot displays the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) in the duration of therapy between the experimental and control participants.
The size of the data markers reflects the weight from the random-effects analysis, and CI denotes the confidence interval.
Table 5.
Subgroup analysis on duration of therapy: Duration of study, Center of study and wards in hospital.
Fig 4.
The forest plot illustrates the Odds Ratio for the use of antiulcer drugs for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) among the experimental and control participants.
The size of the data markers was based on the weight from the random effects analysis, with CI representing the confidence interval.
Table 6.
Description of outcomes of pharmacist interventions reported in included studies.