Fig 1.
Diagram of Historical Chinese Cities.
Fig 2.
Northern Wei Capital Map.
Fig 3.
Schematic diagram of MARKUS platform labeling.
Fig 4.
Spatial GIS analysis map of the Monasteries.
Fig 5.
Spatial GIS analysis map of the Government Offices.
Fig 6.
Spatial GIS analysis map of the Residential Spaces.
Fig 7.
Complex network map of the Political activities.
Fig 8.
Map of Political activities complex network.
Fig 9.
Complex network map of the Daily life events.
Fig 10.
Map of Daily life events complex network.
Fig 11.
Complex network map of the Auspicious legend events.
Fig 12.
Map of Auspicious legend events complex network.
Fig 13.
Layout characteristics of the single axis reinforcement.
During the Northern Wei period, the central axis of Luoyang was further strengthened, and its role in the city’s spatial distribution became more pronounced.
Fig 14.
Layout Characteristics of Multiple Cluster Divisions.
The Multiple Cluster Divisionsin Northern Wei Luoyang was shaped by several factors, including the dominance of the Hua-yi distinction (Sino–barbarian dichotomy), the ethnic distinctions within the population, and the development of commercial spaces.
Fig 15.
Layout Characteristics of the Prestige of the West.
The western area of Northern Wei Luoyang was considered prestigious for several reasons, most notably the continuation of traditional Xianbei customs and the influence of the city’s geographic location.