Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics.
Table 2.
Baseline neuropsychological assessment.
Fig 1.
Box-plots of accuracy rates in facial memory and emotion recognition tasks (without eye tracking).
Abbreviations: HC = healthy control participants; MS = people with multiple sclerosis; NEU = neutrality; HAP = happiness; FEA = fear; DIS = disgust.
Fig 2.
Box-plots of emotional enhancement of memory (without eye tracking).
Legend. Emotional enhancement of memory is defined as the difference in accuracy rates between fearful and neutral conditions in the facial memory recognition task. Abbreviations: HC = healthy control participants; MS = people with multiple sclerosis.
Fig 3.
Difference scores in the proportion of dwell time between the eye and mouth areas at different time intervals (with eye tracking).
Legend. Positive difference scores indicate a predominance of visual scanning in the eye area compared to the mouth area. Abbreviations: HC = healthy control participants; MS = people with multiple sclerosis; Sec = second.
Fig 4.
Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients (rho-values) computed for PwMS between visual scanning measures, performance in recognition tasks, information processing speed, clinical variables, and fatigue scores.
(*) indicates statistical significance (two-sided, P ≤ 0.05, uncorrected). Abbreviations: PwMS = people with multiple sclerosis; SDMT = Symbol Digit Modality Test; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; NFI-MS = Neurological Fatigue Index – Multiple Sclerosis; MEM REC = Accuracy in memory recognition of fearful stimuli; EMOT REC = Accuracy in emotion recognition of fearful stimuli; MEM Diff = Difference in accuracy rates between fearful and neutral conditions in the memory recognition task (i.e., emotional enhancement of memory); DWT Eyes = Proportion of dwell time in the eye area (fear condition, first time interval); DWT Mouth = Proportion of dwell time in the mouth area (fear condition, first time interval); DWT Diff = Difference in the proportion of dwell time between the eye and mouth areas (fear condition, first time interval).