Table 1.
Summary of Sentence Samples Characteristics. ToN: Techniques of Neutralization.
Fig 1.
The figure schematically represents the experimental design.
Sample 1: 50 sentences containing ToN taken from published material; Sample 2: 50 sentences containing ToN crafted by criminologists; Sample 3: 100 neutral sentences without ToN.
Table 2.
General ToN Recognition (Tests 1 and 2).
Table 3.
The table presents the precision, recall, specificity, and F1 score for Test 1 and Test 2.
Table 4.
Confusion matrix for the Specific ToN Category Recognition in the Published ToN Identification Test (Test 1).
Table 5.
Precision, Recall, and F1 Score for each category of ToN and Absence of ToN in the Published ToN Identification Test (Test 1).
Table 6.
Confusion matrix for the Specific ToN Category Recognition in the Crafted ToN Identification Test (Test 2).
Table 7.
Precision, Recall, and F1 Score for each category of Techniques of Neutralization (ToN) and Absence of ToN in the Crafted ToN Identification Test (Test 2).
Table 8.
Reformulation Analysis for Published Techniques of Neutralization (ToN) Identified (Test 3).
Table 9.
Reformulation Analysis for Crafted Techniques of Neutralization (ToN) Identified (Test 3).
Table 10.
Reformulation Analysis for All Techniques of Neutralization (ToN) Identified (Published + Crafted) (Test 3).
Fig 2.
Bar Graph of Reformulation Success Rate for Each Category of Techniques of Neutralization (ToN).
This graph visually represents the percentage of successful reformulations for each category of ToN identified in the study (Published, Crafted, All).
Fig 3.
Bar Graph of Credibility of Reformulated Sentences for Each Category of Techniques of Neutralization (ToN).
This graph visually represents the credibility scores of the reformulated sentences for each category of ToN identified in the study (Published, Crafted, All).