Fig 1.
Implication and illustration of the variables in ITS.
Fig 2.
Overall process illustration of herd optimization.
Fig 3.
Valuation for
and
.
Fig 4.
Herd optimization algorithm flow illustrations.
Fig 5.
Valuation for
and
.
Fig 6.
augmentation and availability detection.
Fig 7.
Valuation for different variants.
Fig 8.
discussion for
and
.
Fig 9.
assessment for
and
.
Fig 10.
(A–C) convergence failure assessment for
and
.
Table 1.
Comparison values of Avg. interaction time.
Table 2.
Comparison values of Avg. handoff outage.