Table 1.
Percentage composition reported in the data sheet of the selected compostable bags.
Fig 1.
Diagram of the trap, bioreactor, humidifier, and dehumidifier system used in the test.
Adapted from: ISO 14855:2018-2 [15].
Fig 2.
Complete image of the system assembled to carry out the biodegradation test.
Fig 3.
Bioreactors during their preparation, the plastic material used, and the cellulose can be seen on the left, in the middle the bioreactors with inoculum and silica sand, and on the right the weighing of a bioreactor.
Fig 4.
Example of Hordeum vulgare and Cynodon dactylon plants grown for 21 days for the evaluation of phytotoxicity.
Left image, plants in substrate with compostable plastic. Right image, plant processing for measuring roots, height and biomass.
Fig 5.
Infrarred spectrum of the compostable bag Ecol, Comph and BioW.
Fig 6.
Infrared spectra of unmixed polylactic acid (PLA), corn starch (CS), polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and thermoplastic starch (TPS); the representative peaks of the spectra can be observed.
Table 2.
Average amount (mg/kg) of metals detected in compostable bags and its comparison with the maximum permissible limits (MPL) accord with NOM-004-SEMARNAT-20021, UNE-EN 13432:20012 and ASTM D6400-23:20203.
Table 3.
Average percentage of disintegration (D) and percentage of recovery of bags.
Table 4.
Average percentage of the validation of decrease in volatile solids (R) in the bioreactors.
Fig 7.
Example of the evolution of the bioreactor with compostable plastic bags.
Table 5.
Average dry mass, volatile solids and pH determined in the inoculum used in the aerobic biodegradation test.
Table 6.
Average total, organic and inorganic carbon present in the compostable bags and the reference material.
Fig 8.
Percentage of average aerobic biodegradation with respect to time (days).
Table 7.
Average of measurements made on stems, roots and biomass of H. vulgare plants grown in compost with different compostable plastics and silica sand (50/50 mixture).
Table 8.
Average of measurements made on stems, roots, and biomass of C. dactylon plants grown in compost with different compostable plastics and silica sand (50/50 mixture).