Fig 1.
(a) Physical structures; (b) Finite element model.
Table 1.
Thermophysical parameters of each soil layer of subgrade.
Table 2.
Seepage parameters of each soil layer of subgrade.
Table 3.
Mechanical parameters of each soil layer of subgrade.
Fig 2.
Comparison between measured and simulated temperature: (a) natural site; (b) subgrade central.
Fig 3.
Ground temperature distribution map of subgrade with different insulation thickness at the coldest moment: (a) common roadbed; (b) 0.1 m; (c) 0.2m; (d) 0.3m; (e) 0.4m.
Fig 4.
Maximum freezing depth of subgrade with different foam concrete insulation thickness.
Fig 5.
Distribution of ice content of subgrade with different insulation thickness at the coldest moment:(a) ordinary subgrade; (b) 0.1 m; (c) 0.2m; (d) 0.3m; (e) 0.4m.
Fig 6.
Maximum frost heave of subgrade with different insulation thickness.
Fig 7.
Temperature distribution of composite subgrade with different insulation thickness at the coldest moment: (a) common roadbed; (b) 0.1 m; (c) 0.2m; (d) 0.3m; (e) 0.4m.
Fig 8.
Maximum freezing depth of insulation structure subgrade with different foamed concrete thickness.
Fig 9.
Maximum frost heaving amount of composite subgrade with different insulation thickness.
Table 4.
The maximum freezing depth of thermal insulation layer subgrade and composite thermal insulation structure subgrade.
Table 5.
The maximum frost heave deformation of thermal insulation layer subgrade and composite thermal insulation structure subgrade.