Table 1.
Demographic data and surgical characteristics of patients.
Fig 1.
Radiographic measurements of knee and ankle joints.
(a) The hip center (Ch) is defined as the center of the femoral head. (b) The knee center (Ck) is defined as the midpoint between the tibial spine tips. (c) The ankle center (Ca) is defined as the midpoint of the articular surface of the talar dome. (d) The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) is defined as the angle between the mechanical axis of the femur (line A) and the mechanical axis of the tibia (line B). The lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) is the lateral angle between line A and the joint line of the distal femur (line C). The medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) is the medial angle between line B and the joint line of the proximal tibia (line D). The joint line convergence angle (JLCA) is the angle between line C and line D. (e) The femoral component alignment angle (FCA) is defined as the angle between line A and the longitudinal axis of the femoral component (line E). The tibial component alignment angle (TCA) is the angle between the undersurface of the tibial component (line F) and the vertical line to the mechanical axis of the tibia (line G). The component vergence angle (CVA) is the angle between line E and the vertical line to the undersurface of the tibial component (line H). (f) The tibial plafond-ground angle (PGA) is defined as the angle between the joint line of the tibial plafond (line I) and the ground line (line K). The talus-ground angle (TGA) is the angle between the joint line of the talar dome (line J) and line K. The tibial plafond-talus angle (PTA) is the angle between line I and line J.
Table 2.
Radiologic results of patients.
Fig 2.
Radiographic results for all patients.
Both knee and ankle alignments were significantly corrected to a relative neutral position following MUKA. Analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests for preoperative and postoperative comparisons. ** represents p < 0.01.
Table 3.
Correlation between ankle joint alignment changes and parameters for all patients.
Table 4.
Correlation between ankle joint alignment changes and parameters for patients in varus ankle group.
Fig 3.
Radiographic results for patients in varus ankle group.
Both knee and ankle alignments were significantly corrected to a relative neutral position following MUKA. Analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests for preoperative and postoperative comparisons. ** represents p < 0.01.
Table 5.
Correlation between ankle joint alignment changes and parameters for patients in valgus ankle group.
Fig 4.
Radiographic results for patients in valgus ankle group.
Knee and ankle alignments, including HKA, PGA, TGA, were significantly corrected to a relatively neutral position following MUKA. However, there were no significant differences in PTA between preoperative and postoperative measurements. Analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests for preoperative and postoperative comparisons. ** represents p < 0.01.
Fig 5.
Ankle alignment changes following MUKA and its association with preoperative ankle deformities.
While preoperative varus ankle deformity is significantly corrected postoperatively, there is limited improvement in cases of preoperative valgus ankle deformity. (a) Patients with preoperative varus ankle deformity exhibited a correction in HKA angle from 13.4° to 4.1°, and (b) a reduction in PTA angle from 3.4° to 1.6°. (c) Patients with preoperative valgus ankle deformity showed a correction in HKA angle from 13.1° to 4.7°, while (d) the PTA angle changed from -2.8° to -3.4°.