Fig 1.
Autonomy, COVID-19 pandemic confinement and survival.
Interrelationships. Representative diagram of the analysis of the interrelationships between the variables associated with functional dependence and the variables directly or indirectly associated with mobility. The influence of confinement to the usual home due to the COVID-19 pandemic was also analyzed for each node.
Table 1.
Socio-health and demographic data of the functionally dependent population of Orcasitas (Orcasitas cohort) in June 2020.
Table 2.
Barthel index and basic activities of daily living. Results of the evaluation performed in the Orcasitas cohort after the end of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic and survival analysis at three years of follow-up. 1: Analysis performed dichotomizing each activity of the Barthel index.
Table 3.
Interrelationships between the items of the Barthel Index and the ability to leave home before and after the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown.
Table 4.
Influence of ability to perform basic activities of daily living and mode of living in the community on survival at 3 years. 1: Odds Ratio: association between ability to perform basic activities of daily living and survival in relation to ability to leave home before (OR upper line) and after (OR lower line) COVID-19 pandemic confinement. 2: Odds ratio: association between ability to perform basic activities of daily living and survival in relation to homebound status before (OR upper line) and after (OR lower line) COVID-19 pandemic confinement. 2: CI: Confidence Interval.
Table 5.
Changes in functional capacity during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, evolutionary course in the three-year follow-up of the Orcasitas cohort and survival. 1: association between postconfinement Barthel level and three-year survival.
Table 6.
Changes in instrumental activities and autonomy during the nationwide COVID-19 lockdown and their relationships with the Barthel level, income level, and three-year survival.
Fig 2.
Influence of COVID-19 confinement on the ability to leave home and survival.
Survival at three years of follow-up in relation to the changes produced during COVID-19 confinement in the mode of living in the community of persons with functional dependence in the Orcasitas cohort.
Fig 3.
Network analysis for mobility. Network analysis of mobility, reflected by the interrelationships between the mode of living in the community, estimated by the ability to leave home or the situation of homebound living, and the use of assistive mobility devices according to the mode of living.
Influence of mobility, level of dependency and economic level on survival at three years of follow-up. The values behind this network analysis (points, edges) are given in S1 Text.
Fig 4.
Level of functional dependence and availability of assistants.
Availability of assistants for housework or live-in caregivers depending on the level of dependency. Coexistence of different types of assistants in relation to the level of dependency.
Fig 5.
Level of functional ADL-dependency and weekly hours of public assistance for housework.
Assistants assigned for housework by social services. Number of hours per week for each level of dependence on the Barthel index.
Table 7.
Health data of the functional ADL-dependent population of the Orcasitas cohort. 1: Fisher’s exact statistic. 2: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Fig 6.
Survival-mortality network analysis for chronic diseases.
Survival-mortality network analysis in relation to the chronic diseases present in the population with functional dependence of the Orcasitas cohort, according to living homebound or having the ability to leave home. Influence of the level of functional dependence and economic level on survival in both groups.
Table 8.
Community living, socioeconomic and socio-health determinants and survival at three-year follow-up.
Table 9.
Changes in the ability to perform basic activities of daily living included in the Barthel index during COVID-19 pandemic confinement in relation to the use of assistive mobility devices.
Table 10.
Use of assistive mobility devices, ability to perform basic activities of daily living included in the Barthel index and survival at 3-year follow-up. 1: Upper line: Odds Ratio in relation to survival among crutches-cane users. Lower line: Odds Ratio in relation to survival among non-crutches-cane users. 2: Upper line: Odds Ratio in relation to survival among wheelchair users. Lower line: Odds Ratio in relation to survival among non-wheelchair users.
Table 11.
Mode of living in the community and its relationship to the use of mobility assistive devices. Effect of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic and influence on survival at 3-year follow-up. 1: OR: Odds ratio in relation to pre-confinement (upper line) and post-confinement (lower line) outcomes. 2: CI: pre-confinement (upper line) and post-confinement (lower line) confidence interval.
Fig 7.
Cox regression: mortality risk associated with income level in wheelchair users.
Association between level of economic income and survival at three years of follow-up in persons with functional ADL-dependence who were wheelchair users.
Fig 8.
Panel A: Cox regression: mortality risk associated with mode of living in the community.
Survival at three years follow-up in relation to maintaining before COVID-19 pandemic confinement the ability to leave home. Panel B: Cox regression: mortality risk associated with mode of living in the community. Survival at three years follow-up in relation to maintaining after COVID-19 pandemic confinement the ability to leave home.
Fig 9.
Influence of economic capacity on the mode of living in the community.
Interrelationships between level of economic income and level of dependency with living in the community being able to leave home before and after confinement or living homebound.
Fig 10.
Panel A: Network analysis before COVID-19 confinement.
Network analysis of the interrelationships between level of dependence, economic level, and mode of living in the community of people with functional dependence in the Orcasitas cohort. Analysis of the baseline situation before confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic and influence on survival at three years. Panel B: Network analysis after COVID-19 confinement. Network analysis of the interrelationships between level of dependency, economic status, and mode of living in the community after COVID-19 pandemic confinement and their influence on survival at three years. Analysis of changes associated with COVID-19 pandemic confinement.