Table 1.
Treatment descriptions.
Table 2.
Number of nights after which searches were conducted where assigned treatment (columns) was the same as (diagonal) or different from (off-diagonal) the effective treatment (rows). The 65 missing values account for the imbalance in treatment assignments.
Fig 1.
Number of nights with the proportion of the night wind turbines rotated for non-curtailed (open) and curtailed (gray) wind turbines.
Fig 2.
Histogram of the proportion of nights (open) and proportion of fatalities (gray) in each average wind speed bin (0.0–3.0 m/s, 3.1–4.0 m/s, 4.1–5.0 m/s, 5.1–6.0 m/s, 6.1–7.0 m/s, 7.1–8.0 m/s, 8.1–9.0 m/s, 9.1–12.0 m/s).
Table 3.
AIC model comparisons within each species group. Group = species group analyzed: eastern red bats (a high-frequency-calling species), low-frequency-calling species (hoary bats, silver-haired bats, and big brown bats), and all species combined (this included a single evening bat as well as the eastern red bats, hoary bats, silver-haired bats, and big brown bats). In the Model column, D = active ultrasonic deterrent, C = curtailment, and PropSpin = proportion of the night during which the wind turbine was spinning at > 2 RPM.
Table 4.
Coefficient estimates from factorial model and additive deterrent and proportion spinning model for each species group. Note: In this model, the intercept represents a night when turbines are spinning 100% of the time: log(proportion of night spinning) = log(1) = 0. Also note, the D + log(PropSpin) was the best model for the all-bat group and eastern red bats but was second best for the low frequency calling species group. Low-frequency group included hoary bats, silver-haired bats, and big brown bats.
Fig 3.
Relationship between estimated nightly mortality at each turbine and the proportion of the night that turbines rotated for turbines with active (gray dots) and inactive (black dots) ultrasonic acoustic deterrents.
Gray shading represents 95% confidence intervals. Low-frequency group included hoary bats, silver-haired bats, and big brown bats.
Fig 4.
Effect (ratio of estimated mortality for control:treatment) and 95% confidence intervals of each treatment combination on three bat groups between 14 June and 3 October 2017 at the Blue Creek Energy Project.
Y-axis is on log(2) scale, and ranges from treatment mortality 1/8 that of control to 4 times that of control. All = all bat species, LABO = eastern red bat, low-freq = big brown bat, hoary bat, silver-haired bat, combined. CO = curtailment only (5.0 m/s), DO = deterrent only, CD = curtailment (5.0 m/s) and deterrent.