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Fig 1.

A wireless mesh network consists of two gateway routers, eight mesh routers and twenty-one clients.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

Illustration of coverage overlap between two mesh routers.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Illustrate the lower and upper bounds of the search space in the RNP problem.

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Fig 3 Expand

Table 1.

The parameters of simulation scenarios.

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

The parameters of algorithms.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 4.

Compare topologies when using the MVO algorithm to solve the RNP problem by different methods.

(a) traditional method (one-stage) and (b) proposed method (two-stages).

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Compare topologies when using the WOA algorithm to solve the RNP problem by different methods.

(a) traditional method (one-stage) and (b) proposed method (two-stages).

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Fig 5 Expand

Table 3.

NC statistics versus total routers over 50 runs replicate per scenario using the MVO algorithm with various approaches.

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Table 3 Expand

Fig 6.

Compare NC versus the number of routers using MVO algorithm with different methods.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Compare NC versus the number of routers using WOA algorithm with different methods.

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Fig 7 Expand

Table 4.

NC statistics versus total routers over 50 replicate runs per scenario using the WOA algorithm with various approaches.

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Table 4 Expand

Fig 8.

Compare NC versus the number of clients using MVO algorithm with different methods.

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Compare NC versus the number of clients using WOA algorithm with different methods.

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Fig 9 Expand

Table 5.

NC statistics versus total clients over 50 runs per scenario using the MVO algorithm with various approaches.

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Table 5 Expand

Fig 10.

Compare NC versus the network area using MVO algorithm with different methods in case of 36 mesh routers.

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Fig 10 Expand

Fig 11.

Compare NC versus the network area using MVO algorithm with different methods in case of 40 mesh routers.

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Fig 11 Expand