Fig 1.
Flowchart of depth estimation based on Warping transform.
Fig 2.
Pekeris waveguide schematic of the simulated marine environment.
Fig 3.
Plot of modal separation results of different methods under Pekeris waveguide conditions.
Fig 4.
Depth estimation maps of different depth estimation methods under Pekeris waveguide conditions.
Fig 5.
Plot of the results of the repeated tests of different depth estimation methods under Pekeris waveguide conditions.
Fig 6.
Schematic of the simulated marine environment in the sea area with negative sound velocity gradient profile.
Fig 7.
Mode separation results of different methods under negative sound speed waveguide conditions.
Fig 8.
Results of different Warping transform corrections for negative sound velocity gradient profiles.
Fig 9.
Repeated test results of different depth estimation methods under negative sound velocity profile waveguide condition.
Fig 10.
Schematic diagram of simulated marine environment in Qingdao sea area.
Fig 11.
Mode separation results of different methods in Qingdao shallow sea waveguide conditions.
Fig 12.
Comparison of the depth estimation results of different methods under waveguide conditions in shallow waters of Qingdao.
Fig 13.
Repeated test results of different depth estimation methods under waveguide conditions in Qingdao’s shallow waters.
Fig 14.
Schematic of the sound velocity profile in the experimental sea area.
Fig 15.
Mode separation results of different methods in Qingdao shallow sea waveguide conditions.
Fig 16.
Comparison of the results of different methods for estimating the depth of the sound source of measured airguns in the experimental sea area.
Fig 17.
Success rate of depth estimation for different signal-to-noise ratios.