Fig 1.
Sites sampled during the Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ECA59), Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
(A) Map showing collecting sites; (B) and (C) Pictures of sampling S1 (pristine), (D) Picture of sampling S2 (disturbed), (E) Picture of sampling S3 (disturbed), (F) Picture of sampling S4 (disturbed), (G) Picture of sampling S5 (pristine), near Bellinghausen Glacier, and (H) Picture of sampling S6 near to Bellinghausen Glacier (pristine). ©OpenStreetMap contributors (2015); maps retrieved in September 2024 from https://planet.openstreetmap.org.
Fig 2.
Relative abundance of fungal communities at the phylum level from coastal sediment from ice-free areas on the Fildes Peninsula, King Jorge Island, Antarctica.
For the site locations, see Fig 1. Relative abundance values < 0.1% were discarded.
Fig 3.
Heatmap of the fungal communities at order level inhabiting coastal sediments from ice-free areas spanning pristine and disturbed sites in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
Sites 1, 5, and 6 are pristine. Sites 2, 3, and 4 are disturbed. Relative abundance values < 0.1% were discarded.
Fig 4.
Upset plot showing different number of genera across collecting sites in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
Horizontal lines correspond to the total number of elements per sampling point and the various vertical lines represent the number of elements intercepted by the matrix. The black circles in the matrix indicate elements in common between the sampling points.
Fig 5.
Relative abundance of fungal communities at the genus level across coastal sediments from pristine and disturbed sites on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
Fungal genera are ordered according to their mean relative abundances. All genera with less than 10% of relative frequency are grouped into ‘Other’. Non taxonomically classified reads are named as ‘Unassigned’.
Fig 6.
NMDS plot of fungal OTUs inhabiting coastal sediments from ice-free areas across pristine and disturbed sites in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica based on the ITS1 sequences.
For the site locations, see Fig 1. Dots represent locations: Sites 1, 5, and 6 are pristine and Sites 2, 3, and 4 are disturbed. Samples are grouped according to the collecting sites.
Fig 7.
Estimates of diversity indices of fungal communities in coastal sediments for each of the sites sampled on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
(A) Shannon Index. (B) Simpson Index. Both diversity indices (97% sequence similarity) are delineated at the genus level.
Fig 8.
Ecological associations of fungal communities inhabiting coastal sediments from ice-free areas in pristine and disturbed sites on the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica.
Samples from pristine and perturbed sites are depicted. The fungal taxa (OTUs) were submitted ecological guilds with the FUNGuild tool and the corresponding database. Guild output was distributed into individual guilds.