Table 1.
Daily nutrient composition of pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer1 fed to newborn Holstein calves.
Table 2.
Ingredients, chemical composition (% of DM unless otherwise noted), and particle size distribution of the basal starter feed.
Fig 1.
Interaction panel of Treat × Period effect (T × P) for ether extract intake (g/d) as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
For each time point, * denotes a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
Table 3.
Nutrient intake and growth performance as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
Fig 2.
Interaction panel of Treat × Period effect (T × P) for body measurements as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
For each time point, * denotes a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05, and # denotes a tendency at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
Fig 3.
Interaction panel of Treat × Period effect (T × P) for starter intake (g/d), body weight (kg), average daily gain (g/d), and feed efficiency (g/g) as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
For each time point, * denotes a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05, and # denotes a tendency at 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
Fig 4.
Interaction panel of Treat × Period effect (T × P) for eating time (min/8-h) and sorting index (%) on sieve 2.36 mm and bottom pan as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) as liquid feeds to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
For each time point, * denotes a significant difference at P ≤ 0.05. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean.
Table 4.
Sorting index1 and particle size intake as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
Table 5.
Meal and rumination patterns and times devoted to feeding activities as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
Fig 5.
Panel of Kaplan-Meier survival curves showing the non-disease probability of diarrhea, pneumonia, and bad general appearance as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk (WM) or milk replacer (MR) as liquid feeds to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
Table 6.
Logistic model for elevated general appearance (≥2)1, diarrhea (≥3)2, and pneumonia occurrence before weaning as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).
Table 7.
Poisson regression for days with elevated general appearance (≥2)1, frequency and duration of diarrhea (≥3)2 and pneumonia, and medicated days before weaning as influenced by feeding pasteurized waste milk or milk replacer to newborn Holstein calves (n = 16 per treatment).