Fig 1.
PRISMA study selection flowchart in the scoping review.
Table 1.
Overall characteristics of the studies meta-synthesised in the scoping review.
Fig 2.
Distribution of opioid uses among the African countries of the meta-synthesised studies in the scoping review.
Fig 3.
Percentage distribution of the commonly unlawful used opioids and other drugs among the meta-synthesised studies in the scoping review.
Table 2.
Summary findings for future engagement on the Burden of Unlawful Use of Opioid and Epidemiological Characteristics in Africa.