Fig 1.
(a) Automated pupillometer (NeurOptics NPi®-200, Neuroptics Inc., Irvine, USA) for pupil reactivity assessment and an example of the measured values. (b) Pupil size and reactivity over time. (c) Description of eight pupillary measurement variables.
Fig 2.
Strobe diagram of patient eligibility determinations for analysis.
Table 1.
Demographics, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and laboratory factors for the herniation and non-herniation groups.
Table 2.
Statistical analysis results of eight pupillary variables as a function of group (G), measurement timeframe (T), and their interaction (G × T) between different timeframes (i.e., 27-to-21 hour vs. 3-to-0 hour) for the ipsilateral and contralateral sides.
Values are presented as mean ± standard error. An asterisk denotes statistical significance.
Fig 3.
Comparing features for pupil response on the ipsilateral (stroke-affected) and contralateral sides across the past 48 hours between herniation (Her, red color) and non-herniation groups (nonHer, blue color).
(a) NPi; (b) Size-initial; (c) Size-min; (d) CH; (e) CV; (f) MCV; (g) CLAT; and (h) DV. Error bars indicate the standard error of the corresponding mean.
Fig 4.
Performance of seven binary logistic regression models with ipsilateral PLR variables, including an AUC value.
(a) Model 1: Size-initial at 48-to-33 hour timeframe; (b) Model 2: Size-initial at 33-to-27 hour timeframe; (c) Model 3: Size-initial at the 27-to-21 hour timeframe; (d) Model 4: MCV at 21-to-15 hour timeframe; (e) Model 5: DV at the 15-to-9 hour timeframe; (f) Model 6: DV at the 9-to-3 hour timeframe; (g) Model 7: CH at the 3-to-0 hour timeframe. All models include NPi for comparison.