Fig 1.
The Chinese distribution points of I.
verticillata. Note: The blue circle icon represents the actual distribution point of I. verticillata. Red triangles represent test sites. This map is based on the standard map with review number GS (2019) 1822 downloaded from the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation’s Standard Map Service website (http://bzdt.nasg.gov.cn/index.jsp, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), and no modifications have been made to the base map. The base map is unmodified.
Fig 2.
(a) Heat map of the correlation of environmental variables. (b) Heat map of the correlation of soil variables. The blue circles are for positive correlations and the red ones for negative correlations. The stronger the correlation, the larger the size of the circle and the darker the color.
Table 1.
Geographical distribution and climate data of 12 test sites.
Fig 3.
Analytical framework for predicting potential I. verticillata distributions.
Fig 4.
Accuracy assessment of four models.
Table 2.
Environmental factors selected through correlation analysis and model construction.
Table 3.
Evaluation metrics of the default and optimal MaxEnt models by kuenm package.
Fig 5.
Potential suitable regions for I. verticillata in China under current conditions.
Note: The map shows the current suitable areas for I. verticillata in China. The white areas indicate unsuitable areas, blue areas indicate low suitable areas, and red areas indicate high suitable areas. This map is based on the standard map with review number GS (2019) 1822 downloaded from the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation’s Standard Map Service website http://bzdt.nasg.gov.cn/index.jsp, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), and no modifications have been made to the base map. The base map is unmodified.
Fig 6.
Differences in I. verticillata fruit traits among suitable habitat classes observed based on one-way ANOVA.
Figures (a) and (b) show the differences in fruit brightness and fruit diameter (mm), respectively. Different letters indicate significant differences between means (p < 0.05).
Fig 7.
Maps of habitat suitability for I. verticillata in China in 2050, 2070, and 2090 under emission scenarios SSP1-2.6 (a-c), SSP2-4.5 (d-f), and SSP5-8.5 (g-i).
Note: This map is based on the standard map with review number GS (2019) 1822 downloaded from the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation’s Standard Map Service website (http://bzdt.nasg.gov.cn/index.jsp, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), and no modifications have been made to the base map. The base map is unmodified.
Fig 8.
The direction of the shift in the center of mass of the total suitable habitat of I. verticillata under three different climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in the future.
Different climate scenarios are distinguished by distinct symbols; the current time is represented by a red star, while the 2050s, 2070s and 2090s are differentiated using specific colors. Note: This map is based on the standard map with review number GS (2019) 1822 downloaded from the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation’s Standard Map Service website (http://bzdt.nasg.gov.cn/index.jsp, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), and no modifications have been made to the base map. The base map is unmodified.
Fig 9.
Under three different climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in three time periods-the 2050s, the 2070s, and the 2090s-the suitable habitat area of I. verticillata displayed distinct trends in change.
The four distinct suitability regions were easily distinguishable through color-coding.
Fig 10.
Spatial pattern changes of I. verticillata under three different climate scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in three time periods: 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s.
White represents unsuitable habitat areas, gray represents unchanged areas, green represents expanding areas, and red represents contracting areas. Note: This map is based on the standard map with review number GS (2019) 1822 downloaded from the National Bureau of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation’s Standard Map Service website (http://bzdt.nasg.gov.cn/index.jsp, http://bzdt.ch.mnr.gov.cn/), and no modifications have been made to the base map. The base map is unmodified.