Table 1.
Broad and specific IUCN governance categories and the number of MPAs used in this study. No data were available for the Private Governance and Governance by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities categories [36].
Table 2.
Summary information on the covariates used in the model.
Fig 1.
Global distribution of MPA governance categories.
World map depicting the 217 MPAs used in this study. The color of the circle represents the governance of the MPA (state or shared from Model 1) and the size of the circle represents the corresponding response variable, or fish biomass difference, for each MPA. The response variable was transformed to ratios from log ratios prior to mapping to more accurately display the differences of each MPA.
Fig 2.
Effects of Model 1 covariates on fish biomass.
MPA governance (blue), country characteristics (green), and MPA characteristics (orange) on fish biomass difference. Response variables are log fish biomass differences and represent Bayesian posterior mean effect sizes (dot) with 95% Bayesian credible intervals (C.I.s, thin lines) and 50% C.I.s (thick lines). The baseline governance category in this model was state governance. The national governance indicators represent the World Bank governance indicators. No-take refers to the proportion of fish surveys conducted in no-take zone. See Table 2 for variable descriptions.
Table 3.
Bayesian posterior mean effect size and 95% credible intervals (C.I.) for each covariate used in both models.
Fig 3.
Effects of Model 2 covariates on fish biomass.
MPA governance (blue), country characteristics (green), and MPA characteristics (orange) on fish biomass difference. Response variables are log fish biomass differences. Represents Bayesian posterior mean effect sizes (dot) with 95% Bayesian credible intervals (C.I.s, thin lines) and 50% C.I.s (thick lines). The baseline governance category in this model was national. The national governance indicators represent the World Bank governance indicators. No-take refers to the proportion of fish surveys conducted in no-take zone. See Table 2 for variable descriptions.