Fig 1.
Study flowchart of psychiatric comorbidities in ADHD by age.
This figure illustrates the cross-sectional analysis of comorbidities in individuals with ADHD across different age groups at a single point in time. NHIRD, National Health Research Database; ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
Table 1.
Characteristics and psychiatric comorbid conditions among subjects with ADHD in three age groups.
Table 2.
Odds ratio of comorbidities between male and female subjects with ADHD.
Table 3.
Odds ratio of comorbidity between male and female subjects with ADHD in three age groups.
Fig 2.
Comorbidity rate of various psychiatric disorders among total, male, and female subjects with ADHD.
Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM) and only the positive error bars are shown. A). Learning disability B). Tics C). Oppositional defiant disorder D). Conduct disorder E). Anxiety disorder F). Depressive disorder G). Bipolar disorder H). Adjustment disorder I). Sleep disorder J). Alcohol use disorder K). Substance use disorder.