Table 1.
Technical properties of tested UASs.
Fig 1.
Illustration of the experimental design.
(A) chronological sequence of recording phases per night (B) Test setup for each recording phase.
Table 2.
Categorization of bat species by echolocation group.
Fig 2.
Sonagrams of echolocation calls categorized by Pipistrelloid, Myotini, and Nyctaloid bats.
Fig 3.
Sonagrams of bat calls recorded during different experimental phases.
Each panel displays representative sonagrams for the echolocation groups Pipistrelloid, Myotini, and Nyctaloid.
Fig 4.
Bat activity levels (count of 1-second recordings per 15 minutes) for each echolocation group and treatment condition.
Shown are median (line) with 25%-75% quartiles (box), smallest and largest non-outlier points (whiskers) and outlier (points). Significant differences are marked by stars (*** P < 0.001) and non-significant differences are marked by “ns”.
Fig 5.
Cohen’s d effect sizes for the multicopter treatment across different echolocation groups.
Fig 6.
Bat activity changes (count of 1-second files per minute) over a 15-minute period during multicopter flight for different echolocation groups; Each grey line represents one 15-minute recording period.
The red dashed line indicates the average bat activity at test minute 0 and progresses according to the estimated slope derived from the GLMER.