Fig 1.
The mixed traffic flow of CAV and HV in tunnel entrance zone.
Fig 2.
Model framework.
Table 1.
Notation description.
Fig 3.
Five-stage speed adjustment.
Table 2.
Parameter values.
Fig 4.
Vehicle trajectory under different penetration rates of CAVs.
Fig 5.
SD under different penetration rates.
Fig 6.
Statistical results of TTC under different penetration rates of CAVs.
Fig 7.
Vehicle travel time.
Fig 8.
Vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions at different penetration rate of CAVs.
Fig 9.
SD under different weights.
Fig 10.
Mean TTC under different weights.
Table 3.
SD and mean TTC under different weights.